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Writing Task 1 (Integrated Task):

 

В этом задании вам предстоит прочитать фрагмент текста, послушать лекцию на какую-нибудь умную тему и написать по этой лекции сочинение, в котором вы заодно ложны будете объяснить, чем она подтверждает или оспаривает информацию, изложенную в текстовом фрагменте.

 

Пример текста:

 

The Benefits of Cloud Seeding for Weather Modification

 

Cloud seeding is a technique used to modify weather conditions, especially to increase rainfall in areas that suffer from droughts. By dispersing chemicals, such as silver iodide, into clouds, cloud seeding stimulates the formation of ice crystals, which then become rain or snow. Proponents argue that cloud seeding offers several benefits.

 

First, cloud seeding can help alleviate water shortages by increasing rainfall in dry areas. This could be especially useful in regions that rely on agriculture, where droughts can cause crop failures. Second, it can reduce the intensity of storms. By seeding clouds early, scientists may be able to prevent storms from growing into dangerous hurricanes or typhoons. Lastly, cloud seeding has been shown to improve air quality by increasing rainfall, which can help wash away pollutants from the atmosphere.

 

Пример лекции (для аудирования):

 

Narrator: Now listen to a lecture on the topic you just read about.

 

Professor: While cloud seeding sounds promising in theory, there are several reasons why it may not be as effective or beneficial as the reading passage suggests.

 

First, although cloud seeding can increase rainfall, the results are inconsistent and often unpredictable. In some areas, it works well, while in others, it has little to no effect. Additionally, seeding clouds in one region may decrease rainfall in neighboring areas, potentially leading to conflicts over water resources.

 

Second, there is little evidence that cloud seeding can significantly reduce the strength of storms. Storms like hurricanes are complex systems, and trying to prevent them by seeding clouds is unlikely to have a major impact. The process is simply not powerful enough to control large-scale weather phenomena.

 

Finally, cloud seeding might have negative environmental impacts. The chemicals used, such as silver iodide, could accumulate in the environment and potentially harm ecosystems. For example, these chemicals could affect soil and water quality, leading to unforeseen consequences for both wildlife and human populations.

 

Пример письменного задания:

 

Summarize the points made in the lecture, explaining how they challenge the points made in the reading passage.

 

Пример сочинения:

 

The lecture casts doubt on the effectiveness and benefits of cloud seeding as presented in the reading passage. While the reading claims that cloud seeding can increase rainfall, reduce storms, and improve air quality, the professor argues that these benefits are either inconsistent or unproven.

 

First, the professor mentions that while cloud seeding can increase rainfall, its effects are unpredictable and inconsistent. The reading suggests that it could help alleviate droughts in dry areas, but the professor points out that it does not always work effectively and may reduce rainfall in neighboring regions, which could lead to conflicts over water resources.

 

Second, the professor challenges the idea that cloud seeding can reduce the intensity of storms. According to the lecture, there is little evidence to support this claim, as hurricanes and other storms are too large and complex to be controlled by seeding clouds. The reading’s assertion that cloud seeding can prevent storms from becoming dangerous is therefore unrealistic.

 

Finally, the professor raises concerns about the environmental impacts of cloud seeding. While the reading claims that cloud seeding can improve air quality, the professor notes that the chemicals used, such as silver iodide, may have harmful effects on the environment. These chemicals could accumulate in the soil and water, negatively affecting ecosystems and potentially causing harm to both wildlife and humans.

 

In conclusion, the lecture challenges the optimistic view of cloud seeding presented in the reading. It highlights the unpredictable effectiveness, the inability to control major storms, and the potential environmental risks associated with the process.

 

Итог:

 

В сочинении автор эффективно сопоставляет лекцию и прочитанный текст и ясно показывает, каким образом профессор оспаривает каждый из пунктов текста. Сочинение хорошо организовано, внятно демонстрирует разные точки зрения и использует конкретные подробности текста и лекции для чёткого сопоставления.

 

Writing Task 2 (Independent Task):

 

Пример задания:

 

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is better to live in a small town than in a big city. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

 

Пример сочинения:

 

In today’s world, people have different preferences when it comes to choosing where to live. While some prefer the fast-paced life of a big city, others enjoy the peacefulness of a small town. I believe that it is better to live in a big city rather than a small town for several reasons.

 

First, big cities offer more job opportunities. Major companies, organizations, and industries are typically located in large urban areas, providing a wide variety of career options. For instance, in a city, you can find jobs in sectors such as finance, technology, education, and healthcare, all in one place. In contrast, small towns may have limited job options, which can make it difficult for residents to find employment in their preferred fields. For this reason, living in a big city increases one’s chances of finding a well-paying job that aligns with their skills and qualifications.

 

Second, cities provide better access to services and amenities. Big cities usually have modern healthcare facilities, a variety of schools and universities, and extensive public transportation systems. For example, when living in a city, people can easily access hospitals, specialized medical care, and pharmacies, ensuring they receive the medical attention they need. Furthermore, public transportation such as buses, subways, and trains makes it easy to move around without needing a car, reducing transportation costs and traffic congestion. On the other hand, small towns often lack these conveniences, which can make daily life more challenging.

 

Finally, cities offer more cultural and social opportunities. In a big city, there are always events, concerts, museums, theaters, and festivals happening. For instance, someone living in New York City has access to Broadway shows, world-class museums like the Metropolitan Museum of Art, and various cultural festivals throughout the year. These experiences help people grow culturally and socially, providing them with diverse perspectives. Small towns, while peaceful, typically offer fewer entertainment and socializing options, which can lead to a more monotonous lifestyle.

 

In conclusion, while some people may prefer the quiet and close-knit nature of small towns, I believe that the advantages of big cities, such as more job opportunities, better access to services, and richer cultural experiences, make them a better place to live. Living in a big city offers numerous personal and professional opportunities that contribute to a higher quality of life.

 

Структура сочинения:

 

Вступление: высказывает предпочтение жить в большом городе и даёт краткий обзор причин: возможности найти работу, услуги, культурные радости жизни.

 

Основной абзац 1: объясняет, что в больших городах легче найти работу, чем в маленьких, и приводит примеры из разных отраслей.

 

Основной абзац 2: описывает сравнительную лёгкость доступа к получению услуг здравоохранения, образования и общественного транспорта.

 

Основной абзац 3: обсуждает уйму культурных радостей, доступных в больших городах, и приводит примеры развлечений.

 

Вывод: повторяет главную идею о том, что большие города предпочтительней для жизни в силу вышеуказанных преимуществ.

 

 

Это сочинение хорошо организовано, ясно излагает причины и приводит конкретные примеры в поддержку аргумента о том, что жить в больших городах лучше, чем в маленьких. Оно напрямую отвечает на вопрос задания и предоставляет связное, убедительное обоснование.